Morphospecies Catalog

An illustrated catalogue of common benthic megafauna in the deep Greenland-Norwegian Sea

69 Taxa • 11 Phyla • 39 Cited References

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Annelida

Arthropoda

Brachiopoda

Bryozoa

Chordata

Cnidaria

Ctenophora

Echinodermata

Mollusca

Nemertea

Porifera

Annelida 4

Class: Polychaeta

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Polynoidae

E: polynoids/ scale worms, N: skjellrygger

Ord: Phyllodocida Fam: Polynoidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Sabellidae

E: Feather duster worms, N: Påfuglmark

Ord: Sabellida Fam: Sabellidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard (exception: *Ditrupa* sp. (sjøtenner) [@bakken_kalkrorsormer_2026])

Serpulidae

E: Serpulids/ calcareous tubeworms, N: Kalkrørsormer

Ord: Sabellida Fam: Serpulidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Siboglinidae

E: Beard worms, N: Skjeggbærere

Ord: Sabellida Fam: Siboglinidae

Arthropoda 8

Class: Malacostraca

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Amphipoda

E: Amphipods, N: Amfipoder

Ord: Amphipoda

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Caprellidae

E: Skeleton shrimps, N: Spøkelseskreps

Ord: Amphipoda Fam: Caprellidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Caridea

E: Shrimps, N: Reker

Ord: Decapoda

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Isopoda

E: Isopods, N: Isopoder

Ord: Isopoda

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Sediments

Class: Pycnogonida

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Colossendeis proboscidea

Ord: Pantopoda Fam: Colossendeidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Class: Thecostraca

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
We often see it on smaller rocks in sediment dominated areas.

Brachiopoda 1

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Bryozoa 1

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Chordata 11

Class: Ascidiacea

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Ascidiacea

E: Ascidians/sea squirts, N: Sekkdyr/sjøpunger

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Molgula sp.

E: , N:

Ord: Stolidobranchia Fam: Molgulidae

Class: Elasmobranchii

Depth:
Demersal from 250–2500m, normally to 1500m [@the_shark_trust_arctic_2020].

Substrate:
Unknown

Amblyraja hyperborea

E: Arctic skate, N: Isskate

Ord: Rajiformes Fam: Rajidae

Class: Teleostei

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
We often also see it in-between the white, vase-shapedRossellidae sponges.

Gaidropsarus argentatus

E: Arctic rockling/ Arctic Threebeard, N: Sølvtangbrosme

Ord: Gadiformes Fam: Gaidropsaridae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Lycenchelys platyrhina

E: Naked wolf eel/ Naked eelpout/ Flattened eelpout, N: Flatsnuteålebrosme

Ord: Perciformes Fam: Zoarcidae

Depth:
475-3580 m, usually deeper than 1000 m [@mecklenburg_marine_2018]

Substrate:
Unknown

Lycodes frigidus

E: Glacial eelpout, N: Arktisk ålebrosme

Ord: Perciformes Fam: Zoarcidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Macrourus berglax

E: Roughhead grenadier, N: Isgalt

Ord: Gadiformes Fam: Macrouridae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Paraliparis bathybius

E: Black seasnail, N: Svart ringbuk

Ord: Perciformes Fam: Liparidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Psychrolutidae

E: Fathead sculpins, N: Paddeulkefamilien

Ord: Perciformes Fam: Psychrolutidae

Depth:
Usually 200-2000 m [@mecklenburg_marine_2018]

Substrate:
Benthopelagic

Reinhardtius hippoglossoides

E: Greenland halibut, N: Blåkveite

Ord: Pleuronectiformes Fam: Pleuronectidae

Depth:
400-2365 m [@mecklenburg_marine_2018]

Substrate:
Bathybenthopelagic

Rhodichthys regina

E: Threadfin seasnail, N: Kongeringbuk

Ord: Perciformes Fam: Liparidae

Cnidaria 10

Class: Hexacorallia

Depth:
Shallow to deep

Substrate:
Hard (mostly) [@moen_dyreliv_2020]. A dark red/dark purple morphotype is found in sediments.

Actiniaria

E: Sea anemones, N: Sjøanemoner

Ord: Actiniaria

Depth:
400-4262 m [@sanamyan_bathyphellia_2009]

Substrate:
Hard and soft, often in sediments.

Bathyphellia margaritacea

E: North Pole sea anemone

Ord: Actiniaria Fam: Bathyphelliidae

Class: Hydrozoa

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Pelagic

Crossota sp.

Ord: Trachymedusae Fam: Rhopalonematidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Bottom-dwelling trachymedusae

Ptychogastria polaris

Ord: Trachymedusae Fam: Ptychogastriidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Class: Octocorallia

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Gersemia spp.

Ord: Malacalcyonacea Fam: Alcyoniidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Keratoisididae

E: Bamboo corals, N: Bambuskoraller

Ord: Scleralcyonacea Fam: Keratoisididae

Depth:
Mainly registered at depths 200-2000 m in OBIS. One entry in the depth interval 90-100 m (03-2026).

Substrate:
Soft substrate. Peduncle anchors the colony to the substrate. Can also occur on sediment patches in hard substrate dominated areas [@de_moura_neves_size_2018].

Umbellula encrinus

E: Lily sea pen, N: Dyphavssjøfjær

Ord: Scleralcyonacea Fam: Umbellulidae

Class: Staurozoa

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Lucernaria bathyphila

Ord: Stauromedusae Fam: Lucernariidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Stauromedusae

E: Stalked jellyfish, N: Begermaneter

Ord: Stauromedusae

Ctenophora 2

Class: Nuda

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Pelagic

Beroe sp.

Ord: Beroida Fam: Beroidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Echinodermata 9

Class: Asteroidea

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Both hard and soft substrate. Sometimes seen on other organisms, e.g., sponges.

Asteroidea

E: Sea stars, N: Sjøstjerner

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Class: Crinoidea

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Often on elevated structures like rocks and sponges.

Antedonidae

Ord: Comatulida Fam: Antedonidae

Depth:
2724 m

Substrate:
Soft (usually)

Class: Echinoidea

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Sediments

Irregularia

E: Irregular sea urchins, N: Irregulære sjøpiggsvin

Class: Holothuroidea

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Sediments

Elpidia sp.

Ord: Elasipodida Fam: Elpidiidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Sediments

Class: Ophiuroidea

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Gorgonocephalus sp.

E: Gorgon's head, N: Medusahoder

Ord: Euryalida Fam: Gorgonocephalidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Both hard and soft substrate. Highest densities observed on sediments in the ROV video material, but brittle stars can also aggregate on hard substrate.

Mollusca 6

Class: Bivalvia

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Class: Cephalopoda

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Pelagic but is often encountered close to the seafloor.

Cirroteuthis muelleri

Ord: Octopoda Fam: Cirroteuthidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Class: Gastropoda

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Buccinidae

Ord: Neogastropoda Fam: Buccinidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Gastropoda

E: Snails, N: Snegler

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Nudibranchia

E: Nudibranchs, N: Nakensnegler

Ord: Nudibranchia

Nemertea 1

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Porifera 16

Class: Demospongiae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) furcata

Ord: Poecilosclerida Fam: Cladorhizidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Cladorhiza spp.

Ord: Poecilosclerida Fam: Cladorhizidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Demospongiae: Fan-shaped sponges

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Hexadella dedritifera

Ord: Verongiida Fam: Ianthellidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Hymedesmiidae

Ord: Poecilosclerida Fam: Hymedesmiidae

Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) complicata

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) complicata

Ord: Poecilosclerida Fam: Coelosphaeridae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Polymastiidae

Ord: Polymastiida Fam: Polymastiidae

Depth:
Mainly registered at depths 200-2000 m in OBIS. There are also entries from shallower depths.

Substrate:
According to the image catalogue of @meyer_norwegian_2025 it is usually associated with spicule-bottom sponge grounds. We also observe it in sedimented areas.

Stylocordyla borealis

Ord: Suberitida Fam: Stylocordylidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Tentorium sp.

Ord: Polymastiida Fam: Polymastiidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Class: Hexactinellida

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Unknown

Amphidiscella monai

Ord: Lyssacinosida Fam: Euplectellidae

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard or on spicule patches with *Geodia* on sediments.

Aphrocallistidae

Ord: Sceptrulophora Fam: Aphrocallistidae

Depth:
Sample depth categories mainly 200-4000 m in OBIS (01-2026)

Substrate:
Hard

Asconema foliatum

Ord: Lyssacinosida Fam: Rossellidae

Depth:
Registered in depth categories 1000-3000 m in OBIS (01-2026)

Substrate:
Hard

Asconema megaatrialia

Ord: Lyssacinosida Fam: Rossellidae

Depth:
Most often in deeper areas. However, OBIS have one entry in depth category 110-120 m (01-2026).

Substrate:
Attaches to hard substrate but can be a small rock in a sediment dominated area.

Caulophacus (Caulophacus) arcticus

N: Kantarellsvamp

Ord: Lyssacinosida Fam: Rossellidae

Rossellidae: Schaudinnia rosea / Trichasterina borealis / Scyphidium septentrionale

Depth:
Unknown

Substrate:
Hard

Rossellidae: Schaudinnia rosea / Trichasterina borealis / Scyphidium septentrionale

Ord: Lyssacinosida Fam: Rossellidae

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MorphoCat is an image catalog of deep-sea benthic morphotaxa. The catalog contains images of morphotaxa encountered in deep-sea environments of the Norwegian and Arctic Ocean, sourced from ROV video footage. No physical specimens have been analyzed; therefore, all identifications represent current hypotheses based solely on visible morphological characteristics and the presence of the taxa in relevant areas presented in literature.

MorphoCat started as internal notes in mid 2023 to support our work training DeepSee, our object detection model for ROV video analysis during the collaboration between Bergwerk and Aker BP (Iyer et al. 2025). It was never intended to be more than an internal reference, but we realized it could be genuinely valuable to share. Please note that MorphoCat is not intended as an authoritative taxonomic reference. For verified taxonomic standards, we encourage consulting dedicated authoritative catalogs.

It's a living resource — we'll keep adding to it as our work continues. Let us know if you have any suggestions or would like to contribute.

Acknowledgements

The ROV videos were received from scientific cruises connected to the EMINENT project (Energy Minerals for the Net Zero Transition), the GoNorth 2022 expedition, and numerous cruises by the Centre for Deep Sea Research, UiB and the Norwegian Offshore Directorate (NOD). Many of the associated cruise reports are available via the Norwegian Offshore Directorate.

With the exception of the DeepInsight-2023, NOD-2018, and NOD-2019 cruises, all videos and images were collected using the ROV Ægir6000, operated by the Norwegian Marine Robotics Facility (NORMAR) located at the University of Bergen.

All scientific data and imagery are owned by the respective cruise operators or research institutions.

We are grateful for the broader scientific community’s ongoing efforts to verify and standardize benthic morphotaxa naming conventions. We acknowledge the valuable foundational work provided by resources such as the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (Artsdatabanken), the SMarTaR-ID initiative, and the Norwegian Deep Sea Image Catalogue by Meyer et al.

List of expeditions

As expeditions are often referred to by multiple designations, the list below details the common name alongside the official identifiers used by the Norwegian Offshore Directorate (NOD) and the University of Bergen (UiB), where applicable:

DeepInsight-2025 (NOD: 2025-EMINENT-01, UiB: KH25-263)
NOD/UiB-2024 (NOD: 2024-NOD-02, UiB: KH24-254)
UiB-2024 (UiB: Centre for Deep Sea Research, GS24-258)
DeepInsight-2023 (NOD: 2023-EMINENT-01)
GoNorth-2022 (NOD: 2022-GoN-01, UiB: KH22-245)
NOD-2019 (NOD: 2019-NPD-01)
NOD-2018 (NOD: 2018-NPD-01)

Disclaimer

We have decided to open this for public use, but note this is not intended to be a complete catalogue; rather, it is a library of the lifeforms we commonly see on ROV video footage from the Norwegian deep seafloor and we do not guarantee its correctness. This catalog has not undergone formal verification by taxonomists and should not be used as an authoritative taxonomic source.

How to Cite

If you use MorphoCat in your research or projects, please cite it as follows:

Marnor, C. M., Hartz, E. H. & Schmid, D. W. (2026). MorphoCat: An image catalog of deep-sea benthic morphotaxa. Bergwerk. https://morphocat.bergwerk.com

Updated: 2026-04-21